This combination significantly increases the chance of experiencing respiratory depression or respiratory failure, which may become fatal. Cocaine's stimulating effects also cause the body to use more oxygen, while the depressant effects of heroin slow breathing rates. This can cause users to misjudge the intake of one or both of the drugs, resulting in a fatal overdose. īy suppressing the typical negative side effects of the two drugs, the user may falsely believe they have a higher tolerance, or that they are less intoxicated than they actually are. Some users report a higher rush and better comedown, and others report displeasure at the drugs effectively cancelling each other out. While this can be somewhat effective, there is an imperfect overlap in the effects of stimulants and depressants. ![]() Co-administration is meant to provide an intense rush of euphoria with a high that is supposed to combine the effects of both drugs, while hoping to reduce the negative effects, such as the anxiety, hypertension and palpitations associated with stimulants, and sedation/drowsiness from the depressant. Īlcohol and barbiturates used to be common, when barbiturates were more readily available.Ĭocaine acts as a stimulant, whereas heroin/morphine acts as a depressant. Original speedball combinations used methamphetamine mixed with heroin, or cocaine hydrochloride mixed with morphine sulfate. Evidence suggests that when compared to single drugs, speedballs are more likely to lead to addiction, and users are more likely to relapse and also to overdose. Speedballs often give stronger effects than either drug when taken alone due to drug synergy, and are considered a particularly hazardous mixture that can easily cause heart attack, respiratory arrest and death. The Sydney-based company has been reeling under extreme regulatory scrutiny, which even led its chairman and finance chief to step down earlier this year.ĭowner is already sidelined by New South Wales' corruption regulators stating that employees dishonestly benefited from the payment or application of public funds for their own private advantage.Speedball, powerball, or over and under, is a street name used to describe the polydrug mixture of a stimulant with a depressant, usually an opioid.Ĭommon stimulants and depressant used for recreational drug use include cocaine or amphetamine with heroin, morphine, and/or fentanyl that may be taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation. The class action, filed on behalf of shareholders who purchased Downer shares between July 2019 and February 2023, comes after the Australian contracting firm last December admitted to overstating its pre-tax earnings due to accounting irregularities.Īs a consequence of accounting discrepancies, Downer had revised down its FY23 underlying net profit after tax attributable forecast to between A$210 million ($140.60 million) and A$230 million from prior expectations of 10% to 20% growth on FY22's A$225.3 million.Įarlier last month, a shareholders' lawsuit was filed against Downer, claiming it breached certain disclosure obligations under listing rules while also making misleading statements over its financial performance.ĭowner shares have lost 24% since the company disclosed the irregularities and its forecast downgrade on Dec. ![]() May 5 (Reuters) - Australia's Downer EDI (DOW.AX) said on Friday it was served with a second class action lawsuit by certain shareholders alleging breach of disclosures regarding a maintenance contract undertaken by the company's segment in July 2019.
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